Bastien Buil

Software & Security Researcher

From Cloud to Microcontrollers

PhD candidate specializing in cybersecurity and constrained systems

About

PhD candidate at Inria and CNAM, specializing in cybersecurity and constrained systems. My research focuses on security mechanisms for microcontrollers, particularly using WebAssembly and containerization techniques. I work at Orange Innovation on multi-tenant embedded systems.

Languages

🇫🇷 French Native
🇬🇧 English Scientific (950 TOEIC)
🇪🇸 Spanish B1

Publications

full 2025

TinyML as a Service on Multi-Tenant Microcontrollers

B. Buil, C. Gaber, S. Bouzefrane, E. Baccelli

Proceedings of the 2025 International Conference on Embedded Wireless Systems and Networks

This paper presents TinyML-as-a-Service (TMLaaS), a novel architecture for deploying machine learning workloads on multi-tenant microcontrollers. We propose a runtime system that enables secure isolation between tenants while minimizing resource overhead. Our approach leverages WebAssembly Micro Runtime (WAMR) to provide a sandboxed execution environment for TinyML models on constrained devices.

Contribution: Main author. Designed the TinyML-as-a-Service architecture for multi-tenant microcontrollers.

TinyML Microcontrollers Multi-tenancy RIOT OS
full 2026

TinyContainer: Container Runtime Middleware Enabling Multi-tenant Microcontrollers with Built-in Security

B. Buil, C. Gaber, S. Legouix, E. Baccelli, S. Bouzefrane

ACM Conference on Security and Privacy in Wireless and Mobile Networks (WiSec)

We present TinyContainer, a container runtime middleware designed for multi-tenant microcontrollers with built-in security features. TinyContainer provides lightweight process isolation, access control, and resource scheduling for embedded systems. Our implementation demonstrates minimal overhead while maintaining strong security guarantees suitable for IoT and constrained device environments.

Contribution: Main author. Designed the TinyContainer runtime and access control mechanisms.

Containers Security Microcontrollers WASM
mini 2025

Shared Responsibility in Multi-Tenant Microcontrollers

B. Buil, C. Gaber, S. Plessis, E. Baccelli, S. Bouzefrane

CNSM 2025 - 21st International Conference on Network and Service Management

This paper introduces a shared responsibility model for security in multi-tenant microcontroller environments. We define the security boundaries between the hardware, firmware, and application layers, proposing a framework that distributes security responsibilities across multiple stakeholders while maintaining isolation guarantees.

Contribution: Main author. Proposed shared responsibility model for microcontroller security.

Multi-tenancy Security Responsibility Model
demo 2026

Demo Abstract: TinyContainer: Access Control & Scheduling for Runtimes on Microcontrollers

B. Buil, C. Gaber, S. Legouix, E. Baccelli, S. Bouzefrane

SenSys-Adjunct 2026

This demo presents TinyContainer running on RIOT OS, showcasing access control and scheduling mechanisms for WebAssembly runtimes on microcontrollers. The demo illustrates how multiple tenants can coexist securely on a single device with guaranteed quality of service.

Contribution: Main author. Implemented demo system for TinyContainer.

Demo TinyContainer Scheduling
second 2026

treVM: Tiny Rust Embedded Virtual Machines with WASM on Variable Resource-Constrained Hardware

A. Lavandier, B. Buil, C. Gaber, E. Baccelli

DCOSS-IoT 2026 - 22nd Annual International Conference on Distributed Computing in Smart Systems and the Internet of Things

We present treVM, a tiny Rust embedded virtual machine supporting WebAssembly on variable resource-constrained hardware. Our system adapts to available resources by dynamically selecting appropriate execution strategies, from interpretation to JIT compilation, based on device capabilities.

Contribution: Survey on Wasm runtimes and paper review. Contributed to runtime evaluation.

WASM Rust Virtual Machines Embedded

Projects

Personal

JavaCard NFC Development

JavaCard development with NFC read on Android. Implementation of secure applet for constrained devices.

Developed secure JavaCard applets with NFC communication capabilities for Android devices.

Java JavaCard Android NFC
Personal

Linux Server Management

Management of Linux servers using Docker Compose. Automated deployment and monitoring.

Set up and maintained Linux servers with Docker Compose for various personal projects.

Linux Docker Docker Compose
Personal

Game Jam Participation

49-hour game development competition (Gamesicaen). Designed and implemented a 3D unity game.

Participated in a team of three.

Game Development Node.js Socket.io
Personal

Multiplayer Quiz System

Real-time multiplayer quiz application with Node.js and Socket.io.

Built a real-time multiplayer quiz system using Node.js and Socket.io for real-time communication.

Node.js Socket.io JavaScript
Personal

Twitch WebExtension

Browser extension using Twitch API for enhanced viewing experience.

Developed a browser extension integrating Twitch API to enhance the viewing experience.

JavaScript WebExtension API Twitch API
Professional

CS4WAMR - WebAssembly Micro Runtime for RIOT OS

Open source application for RIOT OS strengthening application isolation using virtualized WebAssembly.

Main contributor. Designed and implemented security mechanisms for WebAssembly runtime isolation on microcontrollers.

C WebAssembly RIOT OS WAMR
View Project →
CS4WAMR (Cloud Services for WebAssembly Micro Runtime) is an open-source project that extends the WebAssembly Micro Runtime (WAMR) for use in multi-tenant microcontroller environments. Built on top of RIOT OS, it provides: - Secure application isolation using WebAssembly sandboxing - Memory protection between tenants - Resource monitoring and quota management - Support for multiple concurrent WebAssembly applications This project was developed at Orange Innovation as part of my PhD research and has been released as open source under the Apache 2.0 license.
Professional

TinyContainer

Container runtime middleware enabling multi-tenant microcontrollers with built-in security.

Contributor. Work on demo with TinyContainer and implementation of TinyML endpoints. (Not publicly available).

C WebAssembly RIOT OS Security
View Project →
TinyContainer is a container runtime middleware developed by Orange Innovation for multi-tenant microcontrollers. It provides: - Lightweight containerization for embedded systems - Built-in access control mechanisms - CPU time scheduling for fair resource allocation - Secure inter-process communication My contribution focused on the demo implementation for SenSys 2026 and the integration of TinyML inference endpoints. The core runtime is available through Orange's open source portal.

Skills

Programming Languages

Operating Systems & Platforms

Tools & DevOps

Specialized Technologies